The 1949 Khait (Hoit) earthquake (Russian: 1949 ; Tajik: 1949) occurred at 09:45 local time (03:53 UTC) on 10 July in the Gharm Oblast region of the Tajik SSR of the Soviet Union (within the modern boundary of Tajikistan). The event, known as the Diexi Slides, claimed more than 3,000 lives, and destroyed many villages within the affected region. . Can major landslides and debris flows happen in all areas of the U.S.? Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. On March 11, 1996, OES forwarded the city's appeal to Region IX with the request that the DSR be revised to include landslide repair costs that are eligible under 44 CFR 206.225. The disaster struck the southern limits of the Tien Shan ranges in central Tajikistan. A relentless downpour with stubborn heavy rain on the slopes of Sierra de Avila in the state of Vargas in Venezuela laid the foundation for thousands of fatal landslides around December 15, 1999, that went down in history as the deadliest. The paper presents a synthesis of the key findings of the conference and workshop convened to consider the causes of and lessons to be learned from the disastrous rockslide-debris avalanche on 17 February 2006 in southern Leyte, Philippines. News of the landslide was not publicly revealed by the government and details of the disaster were not revealed until after the fall of the Soviet Union. Erosion and undercutting of slopes by streams, rivers, glaciers, or waves increase slope angles and decrease slope stability. Deadliest Landslides In Recorded History. Geologists, scientists who study the physical formations of the Earth, sometimes describe landslides as one type of mass wasting.A mass wasting is any downward movement in which the Earth's surface is worn away. The air bomb and the tidal wave took as many as 2,500 lives, wiping out the citys population plus also forcing the destruction of many more nearby towns and villages although the dam was pretty intact retaining two-thirds of the water after this misfortune. An article in press in the journal Engineering Geology, by Steve Evans and colleagues (Evans et al. The landslide became more mobile once it began to entrain loess material and reached the Obi-Kabud River where it traversed the floodplain and surmounted a 25 m high river terrace on the river's west bank. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The landslides completely buried the towns of Carmen de Uria and Cerro Grande, many homes were washed into the ocean. [2] References. The other landslide considered is a very large and complex flowslide that swept down the Yasman Valley, covering about 20 km. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The old town of Diexi suffered the worst fate of all as it sank into the landslide-created dam below. The consequences were disastrous with the forming of an inland tidal wave, the force of the fall was so terrible that the atomic bomb type of powerful gust of air crushed the city of Longarone with only 30 children managing to survive. A dormant stratovolcano suddenly erupted destroying many towns and villages. This landslide triggered a gigantic tsunami in which a tremendous amount of water overpowered the dam in an 820 feet wave devouring and destroying the Piave Valley below with the terrible flooding. The final volume of the landslide is estimated to be about 75 MCM. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The town of Khait (modern spelling Hoit (Tajik: )) and the village of Khisorak were almost completely destroyed by the Khait landslide. Can be cast while in mid-air. Evans et al. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The 1978 Tabas earthquake occurred on September 16 at 19:05:55 local time in central Iran. 2009 in press) seeks to re-examine the landslides triggered by this earthquake. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 'Khait' is a transliteration from Russian: ; local modern spelling: Hoit (Tajik: ). The rock mass began to travel to the northwest as a rockslide into the Obi-Khaus-Dara valley. The flow broadened as it reached the main Obi-Kabud River valley, sweeping through part of Khait, crossing the river, before climbing a 25 m high terrace on the river's western bank and continuing a further 700 m, overwhelming the village of Khisorak. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The Khait landslide began as a rockslide but progressively entrained loess material. Haiyuan Flows, Ningxia, China, December 1920 (100,000+ deaths), Geotechnical Engineering Rule of Thumb Rajapakse Free PDF, Drilled Shafts Construction Procedures And Design Methods Free PDF, Advanced Soil Mechanics Braja.Das Free PDF, An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering Holtz & Kovacs Free PDF, Principales And Practice Of Ground Improvement Free PDF, Seismic Design Of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings Free PDF, Concrete Box Culvert analysis and Design Spreadsheet, Russia-Japan railway bridge would let you travel from London to Tokyo, Types and Causes of Concrete Deterioration, Types of Dams, advantages, disadvantages and classification, x-Force keygen for ALL Autodesk products v2020. The landslide exposed the dacite magma in St. Helens neck to much lower pressure, causing the gas-charged, partially molten rock and high-pressure steam above it to explode a few seconds after the landslide started. The exact number of lives lost to the landslides or the earthquake is not very clear but the horrific event that happened during the Chinese Civil War took at least 200,000 lives which makes it one of the worst disasters by death toll in China. 62 Nevado Huascaran Debris Fall, Ranrahirca, Peru, January 1962 (4,500 deaths) 7. The Khait landslide was simulated using DAN. Sierra Leone Mudslides. Landslides are the most costly geo-hazard in the world, and theyre often the cause or the result of other hazards and disasters such as tsunamis, earthquakes, wildfires, and volcanic eruptions. Casting Landslide requires an unobstructed enemy target. Costs are for different periods and are unadjusted for inflation; therefore, strict comparisons of data from different years should be avoided. It ended up carrying 50-100 million cubic meters of water, mud, and rocks, which reached the village of Yungay and smothered all life forms therein under its deadly cover. Closeby valleys of Khait and Yasman were badly affected. In terms of total natural damage claims, storms cost Norwegian insurance companies the most but landslides result in far greater single payouts. In 1933, 6,800 people died in landslides triggered by an earthquake and 2,500 more were killed when one of the landslides caused a dam to fail. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Next in terms of significance are mudflows and landslides for mountainous parts and floods for flatlands. The landslide was triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake and buried 33 villages and has by some estimates killed 28,000 people. The Khait Landslide involved rockslides with saturated loess travelling at an estimated average velocity of around 30 meters per second. 1988, resulted in approximately $12 million in damage and cost $8 million to rebuild. (837 ft) landslide dam on the Min River. Undertaking of survey has allowed mapping of surfaces of natural hazards evolution and doing a holistic assessment on a full spectrum of hazardous natural processes in the target district area of which roughly 2267 km2 (21%) belong to extremely hazardous category, 7432 km2 (69%) to highly hazardous and 1000 km2 (9,3%) to moderately hazardous. Neighboring villages also suffered the consequences due to the debris that came down with the landslide. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. The 2005 NiasSimeulue earthquake occurred on 28 March off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Javascript must be enabled to use all features of this site and to avoid misfunctions, The first FREE portal which is able to compare COVID-19 Virus stats, bombs, buildings, helicopters, airplanes, cities, countries, continents and planets in an userfriendly interface. Steve and his colleagues have also just published a similar paper (Evans et al. Vargas Tragedy. Tectonic and gravity-induced deformation along the active TalasFergana Fault, Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan, Strug landslide in W Slovenia: A complex multi-process phenomenon, Techniques, advances, problems and issues in numerical modelling of landslide hazard, Physically-based modelling of granular flows with Open Source GIS, A Review of Recent Case Studies of Landslides Investigated in the Tien Shan Using Microseismic and Other Geophysical Methods, preliminary description and slope stability analyses of the 2008 little Salmon lake and 2007 Mt. According to them, thoughtless human intervention in the Himalayan mountain ecosystem had rendered the ecosystem extremely fragile and prone to disaster. 800 people lost their lives when . "The Tragedy of Khait: A Natural Disaster in Tajikistan", 10.1659/0276-4741(2000)021[0091:TTOKAN]2.0.CO;2, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khait_landslide&oldid=1140272511, Articles containing Russian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 09:01. The weather can contribute to landslides and can be a terrible and ferocious disaster which cannot be tamed. In a landslide, masses of rock, earth or debris move down a slope. There was one more such subsequent eruption at Mount Kelud in 1966, that took more than 200 lives. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1949_Khait_earthquake&oldid=1119783370, Articles containing Russian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 11:24. Only about a thousand bodies could be recovered although it is indicated that at least 30,000 people lost their lives in this landslide tragedy. Direct costs include damage to structures and roads, whereas indirect costs include items such as decreased property values, lost productivity, and the expense of driving longer distances when roads are blocked. Yablokov, Alexander (February 2001). [3] There are no official contemporary records as information about major disasters was suppressed during Stalin's leadership. However, landslide costs across the country are not currently tracked or measured in a uniform way by any one agency, so this figure is likely to be an underestimate. The dam then overtopped, causing a flood and 2,500 deaths. The damage from the Bingham Canyon rockslide is estimated at nearly $1 billion . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. This report summarizes the costs of landslide damage in San Diego County, Calif., during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80 and compares them with data for certain other areas in the United States. 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