What should you not wear for engagement photos? The retired tennis pro, husband Alexis Ohanian, 39, and daughter Olympia, 5, got decked out to attend niece Justus Bobbitt's wedding to Brandon Salters. Proof that women of all sizes are beautiful! flattering pictures, how to look thinner in your pictures, Slimming Posing Techniques (by popular demand) - Canon Digital Photography Forums, More of our country, vintage e pics : wedding country engagement engagement pictures lace pets plus size vintage 491, Posing overweight people - Canon Digital Photography Forums. 7. This article has been viewed 199,306 times. The number one tip I can give when shooting a bridal portrait is to ensure the bride is having a good time. This way, the camera will keep shooting many pictures per second for as long as you hold the shutter. Carrying the bride over a threshold or through a picturesque outdoor scene is another of the more classic wedding poses. One of the poses that always works well in these situations is to ask them to hold hands and start to walk. As a society, we try to find ways to make people look smaller and we think that smaller = more attractive, but this doesnt need to be our primary focus when shooting large people. Help them relax by explaining that they dont need to do anything that makes them feel awkward or uncomfortable and that youll be guiding the whole photo shoot. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. WebThe Classic V Pose. Its hard to match the quality and results of a professional photographer, though. 5. Looking at the horizon 6. More than the perfect details, you should be on the lookout for the chemistry between them. After giving them some guidance, give them some leeway to be themselves and be as romantic or playful as they want to be. Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. Support wikiHow by From this basic pose, you can make a few variations to find the perfect shot. One of the most difficult things to pose in any portrait is the hands. 1. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Just keep your hair and skin looking healthy, and know your good angles. So, lets start here: big people know they are big. Again I shoot this pose in full body, medium and close up. Then, ask the person to wrap their arms around the partner thats in front. Fortunately, you can look amazing in photos no matter what your size is. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. This causes the viewers eye to linger for longer. When the arm rests against the side of the body, it flattens and looks larger (you can check this on yourself in the mirror). Did you know you can get expert answers for this article? Engagement photo poses often have the couples looking at each other, so having them both look out of the frame adds some extra intrigue to the shot. If you happen to be in a location that provides for fun and creative engagement photo ideas, make sure you dont miss the opportunity to incorporate the backdrop. Expert Interview. One of my favorite things as a wedding photographer is the ability to photograph women of all shapes and sizes. Normally they last between one and two hours. Its very important that youre ready to capture those moments with your camera. It depends on the photoshoot duration it can be anything between 20 and 100 finished photos. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Photo by Aileen Choi Photo. If wikiHow has helped you, please consider a small contribution to support us in helping more readers like you. Thanks for subscribing! Yes. You can tastefully discuss body image with them clients which is something I may be inclined to do with any type of person. As part of the 30-day curriculum, I'll be showcasing behind-the-scenes of this photo shoot (airing June 24, 2015). Hands and fingers can also convey gentleness or passion see in the example above, where the girls fingers are soft and effeminately caressing her partners neck, whereas the guy is grasping the girls hair, showing masculine strength and passion. Another romantic engagement photo pose is to have the couple facing each other with their foreheads touching. A classic setup for a portrait is backlighting. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. If you need help picking out clothing talk to an associate at an upscale mens department store. There are many ways to execute this idea. You can also play around with dramatic light and shadow by photographing yourself in a room with only one light coming from the side. This is applicable, even if you aren't overweight. Its also important when youre choosing poses and lighting if they look amazing, but you cant see the connection between one another, then it doesnt work as an engagement shot. You can shoot from higher up looking down, but beware that this is a way overused tactic for photographing larger people so throw in lots of other types of framing, not just this one. Last Updated: February 24, 2022 An engagement shoot is like a warmup to the wedding day, so take every opportunity to talk with your couple to let them know what to expect. Its also worth it because you can work with the photographer before the wedding. Forty-five degrees isnt the absolute best for everyone, so try a few shots to see which angle works best. This will make you more comfortable, and youll build a better rapport. As with all engagement photo poses, aim for something that captures the subjects when they look genuinely relaxed and in the moment, such as the image above. Touch device users, explore by touch or with swipe gestures. Here's a list of the {minor} changes that made a big difference: Darker shades are generally more slimming in photographs. Read These 58 Hilarious Photographer Jokes To Find Out! 3. Capture the couples personality 12. Enter your email to be sent today's Welcome Gift: 19 Photography Tools. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Also, if the engaged couples heights differ too much, this photo pose can look a bit awkward, with one person stopping too far and the other craning their neck upwards! #weddinggown #plussize #stellayork, We can make long sleeve plus size wedding dresses like this for brides of any shape or size. Posing Tips Waistlines, Thighs and Bustlines, What Everybody Ought to Know About Posing for Portraits, Poser: Achieve Perfect Portrait Expression, A Posing Technique from A Girl With a Pearl Earring, 6 Types of Portrait Backgrounds for Creative Images, 6 Tips for Perfect Composition in Portrait Photography, How to Find Great Backgrounds for Outdoor Portraits, How to Make Colors Pop in Your Portraits Without Using Photoshop, How to Use Foreground Framing to Improve Your Portrait Photography, How to Use Negative Space in People Photography, 3 Simple Ways to Use Framing and Layering in Portraits. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. Not everybody likes their profile, though, so this might not be a great fit for everyone. Ive listed example engagement photo poses below in 3 categories: Traditional Engagement Photo Poses These are the types of photos youll often see posted online or on save-the-dates. It depends on your location, the duration of the photoshoot and the number of photographs edited, printed and delivered. "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Should I wear white for engagement photos? Download a selfie app to help you crop photos more easily. If you have a masculine haircut and youre not sure how to style it, go to your local barbershop. Instead, ask them to relax the hand and have the fingers curve a little bit maybe place the hand on the partners shoulder. Angle the bride's shoulders slightly away from the camera (try to avoid the straight-on perspective). For instance, if you're smaller on the top and bigger on the bottom, wear darker bottoms and a lighter top to balance you out. Engagement sessions can quickly become dull if youre in static poses for the whole session. For more tips, like how to pose with a partner, read on! Check out these ideas for unique poses for engagement photos! WebPoses Overweight. WebThe crucial part is getting the leg positioning right on the jumping subject; each leg should be bent at different angles for the best effect (see the example above). Enjoy! If you have to face the camera directly and want your waist to look smaller, put both of your hands on your hips. The photo on the right closed her body in a complimentary way, but I didn't like that the bouquet was covering her chest (as it competed with the focus being on the bride's face). This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7e\/Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-11-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-11-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/7\/7e\/Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-11-Version-2.jpg\/aid436597-v4-728px-Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-11-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. When autocomplete results are available use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Register for the course HERE and I look forward to seeing you online soon! For a successful result, youll have to make good use of the composition rules. Walking and holding hands Ask the partners to hold hands, look at one another, and walk toward your camera. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
\n<\/p>
\n<\/p><\/div>"}, {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/v4-460px-Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-8-Version-2.jpg\/aid436597-v4-728px-Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-8-Version-2.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":"
\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Alternatively, if you're taking a selfie, prioritize finding a location with lots of natural light and avoid fluorescent lights for the best results. is a photographer and advertising creative producer in Orlando, FL. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 199,306 times. Wedding Photos Poses. Something went wrong. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Dont wear anything uncomfortable or unflattering otherwise, youll suffer through the whole experience and hate the photos. A fat person will not look suddenly thin after these tips and 2. fat and photogenic are not mutually exclusive. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Serena Williams, Alexis Ohanian Strike Sweet Pose with Olympia at Niece's Derby-Themed Wedding Serena Williams and Alexis Ohanian brought daughter Olympia, 5, along for a family wedding By {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/v4-460px-Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/d\/d0\/Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-1-Version-3.jpg\/aid436597-v4-728px-Take-Good-Photos-of-Yourself-when-You-Are-Overweight-Step-1-Version-3.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":728,"bigHeight":546,"licensing":" \u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. This is what the photographer did for the photo shoot above, and there were plenty of tears! Youll know if youve nailed this one if your couple decides to use the engagement shoot photos for their save-the-dates! Making use of the depth of field is a great way to emphasize it and guide the viewers attention to it. It can be helpful to ask them to look for inspiration online and show you the images they like. This guide features 18 engagement photo poses that are fun, easy, romantic and stylish. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Normally they last between one and two hours. Tilt your head so that your eyes aren't perfectly horizontal to the ground, your shoulders should be canted, etc. 16. Put the other hand around or on your partners shoulder. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Try to avoid flashy colors and busy patterns as they can be distracting. Now thats important. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. 3. Try having the couple walk towards you and also walking away to add more variety to your engagement photo ideas. Dont wear anything uncomfortable or unflattering otherwise, youll suffer through the whole experience and hate the photos. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. If youre posting the selfies on the internet dont use the same location for every selfie. Portrait Photographers: Do You Really Need a 70-200mm Lens? While some couples are outdoorsy and nature-loving and want their photos in the woods or the beach, others might prefer an urban or industrial setting. Use it to try out great new products and services nationwide without paying full pricewine, food delivery, clothing and more. Take some candid photos 13. Dont be afraid to ask for quotations from different photographers. Thats why its also important to make them feel comfortable and dont get too much in the way. This is a fun and original way to portray a couple. If you are creating prints to sell to customers, then Canons PROGRAF line (ranging up to $12,000!) Its hard to match the quality and results of a professional photographer, though. Posing Tip for Portraits Which Way Should Your Subject Lean? Instead, balance your weight on the ball of your feet. Sometimes its difficult for couples to express which mood they want in their photos. 2. Then, youll need to expose the background correctly. 7 Steps to Capturing Truth in Your Portraiture, Engagement Portrait Shoots: 7 Professional Tips to take your Engagement Shoots to the Next Level, Personalities and Portraits and Getting Them to Mix, 3 Reasons to Have Your Own Portrait Taken, 5 Tips for Photographing Portfolio-Worthy Costume Portraits, 3 Critical People Skills Portrait Photographers Need, The Essence of Masculinity Portraits of Men, 5 Tips for Doing Portrait Photography in Busy Locations, How to Create Portraits with a Black Background, How Using Props in Portraits Can Make Your Photos More Interesting, How to Take Unique Crystal Ball Portraits, How to Create a Hollywood Film Noir Portrait, How to Create this Fight Club Inspired Portrait using One Light, Dragging the Shutter for Creative Portraits, 5 Secrets for Creating Perfect Silhouette Portrait Photography, Copper, Prisms, and Orbs, Oh My! You can put the hand closest to the camera on their lowered hip and push their elbows back, or put a hand in their pocket and push the elbow out. By using our site, you agree to our. For more tips, like how to pose with a partner, read on! This wedding pose shows that there is intimacy in the mundane. Ask your clients how they met, what their first date was, what they do on a date these days, what their hobbies are, favourite films, clothes to wear, etc. Learn how to turn followers into customers with my top 3 Instagram resources that teach you how to stand out from your competitors and turn your Instagram account into a money-making machine! Have the couple look towards the horizon as if they are thinking of their future together. [With cherry flavored chapstick.]. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. What colors should you wear for engagement photos? Walking photos such as this are also a nice lead in to the wedding day when the couple will hold hands and walk towards the photographer for the recessional. Women want to feel beautiful, whole, and effortlessly graceful in front of a camera, so it's a photographer's job to ensure that happens. Personal Wardrobe Stylist & Speaker. A lot of typical engagement photo ideas include kisses and cuddles, but this might not be a true reflection of your couple. The exact amount of photos depends on the frame rate of your camera. Wear clothes that compliment you but also showcase your personality. credits: Ali Choubin. While the golden hour is classic and romantic, you can use neon or street lights for a couple that wants an urban feel. Here are a few tips Ive found helpful: Thanks so much for reading and share your tips below! As such, theres no risk of unflattering hard shadows. At this point, some couples prefer to close their eyes which makes for a very intimate moment. Have a slumber party and take pictures in your pjs, snuggled up watching a movie. And if theyve scheduled a photo session, theyre probably already pretty confident people. Pinterest is a great tool for finding inspiration ask them to create a mood board and share them with you in advance. What Size Beauty Dish is Right For Your Portrait Photography? Is Portrait Formatting always best for Portraits? If she's bigger than he is, pose her behind him to partially hide her body. That means highlighting the best partsand a solid portrait of a bride does exactly that. Weddingbee Boards - page 2. He also studied Interior Design at the University of California, Berkeley. 31 Famous Photographers That Shook the World - Do You Know Them All? If youre planning on creating a wedding website, this image will be a full frame moment to welcome guests. How do you take good pictures when you're overweight? Standing at an angle will make you look more narrow in the photo. WebWedding photography poses are the number one thing asked by all starting wedding photographers. How long does an engagement photo shoot last? Desperate for change, I created a Productivity Planner to help streamline my workflow and I kissed stress goodbye. Its generally going to be a wide-angle shot with room for text and a major WOW factor. Keep working towards your goal, and be patient. Perhaps the groom-to-be is self-conscious of his height. The V posing configuration is a classic in wedding photography. You can, especially if you have some photography equipment and knowledge. How much should an engagement shoot cost? Also, you can change your position to get a different perspective or ask them to change the posing of the head or the hands. Why Was The Lens Crying? You're busy, pulled in lots of directions, and trying to run a business. Not every good photo needs to be carefully posedespecially an engagement photo where your clients arent models, and the situation is about feelings and relationships. But if you want to experiment with making yourself look thinner, try taking a selfie from a little above, that will emphasize your jaw line and make you look more angular. For one thing youll get a lovely memory for years to come that you can also use for save the date cards. This angle is more flattering. Hold purses or bags slightly away from your body or over a self-conscious area. This pose involves standing close together with your waist and hips near one another, then leaning slightly outward to create a V silhouette. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. 1: The Hero Shot. The viewer experiences a feeling of anticipation with the couples lips hovering near each other, rather than one of completion if the subjects are actually kissing. Engagement Photo Poses: Facing Each Other. This makes for a very pleasing image, as tilting the head is one of the classic techniques when posing for pictures that suits everyone. Dont be afraid to ask for quotations from different photographers. Moving around and changing your point of view will make the session more dynamic, and youll have more variety in your photos. If you both love to read, go to a library or your favorite book store. Ana Mireles is a Mexican researcher that specializes in photography and communications for the arts and culture sector. We won't share it with anyone, 12 Tips for Self-Portrait Photography (+ Examples), 9 Water Photography Ideas (for Easy Inspiration), 7 Photography Exercises to Take Your Images to the Next Level, Sigma Announces Three Lenses for Nikon Z-Mount Cameras, 10 Best Travel Tripods You Can Buy (in 2023), Upcoming E-Mount Lenses: A 50mm f/1.4, a 23mm f/1.4, and More, How to Keep Your Camera Safe (and Working): 5 Essential Tips, How to Create a Sparkle Effect in Photoshop (Step By Step), How to Create a Watercolor Effect in Photoshop (Step-By-Step Guide), The Most Popular Digital Cameras (in 2022), 10 Ways to Direct a Portrait Shoot like a Pro, How to Photograph People: 7 Tips for Photographers Who Never Photograph People, 10 Crucial Things You Need to Think About for Portrait Photography, 5 Portrait Photography Rules You Should Probably Ignore, Five Budget Portrait Photography Hacks to Save You Money, 8 Lessons Learned from My First Attempt at Portrait Photography, How Self-Portraiture Makes You a Better Photographer, 10 Shots, 10 Portraits, 1 Focal Length: Take this Photography Challenge, Tips for Preparing for a Portrait Session, 8 Tips to Help Make People Comfortable for Their Portrait Session, Clothing for Portraits How to Tell your Subjects What to Wear, How to Plan a Successful Sunset Portrait Session, 5 Secrets for Finding Great Indoor Photoshoot Locations, 10 Christmas Portrait Locations (with Bonus Lighting and Composition Tips), How to Build a Bench Prop for Great Portrait Photos, A Beginners Guide to Taking Portraits of Elderly Clients: Part 1 Preparation and Rapport, How to Scout for Portrait Shooting Locations, The Importance of Location for Outdoor Portraits, How to Choose Urban Landscapes for Portrait Photography, The Best Camera Settings for Portrait Photography, How to Achieve Blurred Backgrounds in Portrait Photography, How to Bypass the Portrait Mode on Your Digital Camera and Get Great Portraits, Understanding the Focus and Recompose Technique, Overcoming Depth of Field Problems in Portraits, 9 Ways to Ensure You Get Sharp Images When Photographing People, Stunning Portraits: Manipulating White Balance, How Focal Length Changes the Shape of the Face in Portraiture, 5 Tips How to Set Up a Home Studio for Dramatic Portraits, Simple Portrait Setups You Can Create on a Tight Budget, How to Eliminate Reflections in Glasses in Portraits, Portrait Photography: How to Photograph People in the Harsh Midday Sun, 4 Ways to Shoot Portraits in the Middle of the Day, 6 Portrait Lighting Patterns Every Photographer Should Know, 3 Lighting Setups for Photographing Headshots, 6 Ways of Using Reflector to Take Better Portraits, How to Make Beautiful Portraits Using Flash and High-Speed Sync, How to Make a Low Key Portrait (Step by Step), Fill Flash Photography: How to Get Beautiful Portraits (Even in Bad Light), A Lighting Ratios Guide: How to Make (or Break) Your Portraits, How to Mix Ambient Light and Fill-Flash for Outdoor Portraits, How to Photograph Fantastic Portraits with One Flash, DIY How to Build and Use a Reflector to Take Better Portraits, Understanding Light for Better Portrait Photography, Tips for Doing Natural Light Headshots and Portraits, 3 Reasons to do Headshots with Natural Light, A Beginners Guide to Taking Portraits of Elderly Clients: Part 2 Lighting and Posing, How to Create Stunning Wide-Angle Portraits (Using an Off-Camera Flash), Tips for Making the Most of Morning Light for Portraits, 5 Ways to Use a Beauty Dish Light for Portraits, Beginners Tips for Sunrise Portraits : Part I, Getting to Grips with Fill Light in Portrait Photography. You can also accentuate your jawline by keeping your chin lifted and extending your neck slightly. You can also use props to the same effect-light poles, etc. You can ask these questions in a questionnaire or over email to prevent any shyness! "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"How many photos do you get from an engagement session? Practice your smile in the mirror to see what youll look like in pictures. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"It depends on the photoshoot duration it can be anything between 20 and 100 finished photos."}}]}. Experiment with the. 2. WebMary Fields Photography The Forehead Kiss Jordan Voth Jillian Bowes The One Foot Up Pose LAmour de Paris Black and White Perfection Carolyn Rush Photography Alexis Diack In Front of Street Art Rebecca Yale Create Your Own Art Jason Tey (see the full paint engagement shoot here) Vintage-inspired Andria Lindquist Andria Lindquist If you need me, just follow the trail of empty La Croix cans around my house. I do this by talking to the bride behind my camera, providing positive encouragement, and modifying each pose to highlight female curves. With over 25 years in the fashion industry, Paul works with clients to make getting dressed easier, less time consuming, and more enjoyable. You must pay attention to them and direct your subjects on what to do with them. 5. This will underexpose your subjects, eliminating all details. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. If youre looking for engagement photo ideas, you should really try doing some silhouettes. Essential Portrait Photography Gear You Need When Starting Out, Portable Portrait Studio in a Bag: Now You Can Take Portraits While on the Road, Create Beautiful Indoor Portraits Without Flash (NSFW), 10 Tips for Photographing Great Headshots, 3 Simple Ways to Create Stunning Eyes in Your Portrait Photography, 11 Tips for Photographing High School Senior Portraits, 7 Tips for Black and White Portrait Photography, How to Create Environmental Portraits (Tips and Examples), Capturing Unenthusiastic Teens: Forget the Perfect Pose and Get Photos You Truly Love, Tips for Taking the Torture out of Extended Family Portrait Sessions, What the Mona Lisa Can Teach You About Taking Great Portraits, 5 Tips for Musician Portraits (So You Can Hit All the Right Notes), 5 Tips to Help You Take More Natural Looking Portraits, How to Create Dramatic Portraits in Your Garage, 9 Tips that Make Couples Happy During a Portrait Session, 5 Tips for Taking Better Portraits in Nature, How to Take Better Beach Portraits at Any Time of Day, The Introverts Guide to Photographing People, 6 Ways to Take a Candid Portrait of Somebody You Know, 3 Body Language Hacks to Improve Your Portrait Photography, 5 More Tips for Making Better Black and White Portraits, Tips for Planning and Capturing a Creative Portrait, 5 Tips for Creating Romantic Portraits of Couples, 7 Tips for Photographing a Bridal Portrait Session, 3 Lessons I Learned by Doing a Self-Portrait Project, The Ultimate Guide to Photographing People for the Shy Photographer, Tips for Getting Yourself to Relax as a Photographer and Have More Successful Portrait Sessions, Tips for Taking More Natural Engagement Portraits, 7 Ways to Take Advantage of Autumn in Your Portrait Photography, 7 Tips and Etiquette for Taking Portraits in Public, How to Make a Unique Portrait in the City at Night, 3 Tips for Creating Outstanding Portraits, Inspired by the work of Dutch Artist Van Gogh, 5 Keys to Taking Beautiful Maternity Portraits. engagement photo poses for overweightYou Might Also Like
engagement photo poses for overweightjay bird's chicken calories
engagement photo poses for overweightfunny ways to say grace before meals
engagement photo poses for overweightexplain how all areas of development are interconnected