How long does jury duty last? The fate of someones life is in their hands. Don't anticipate a conviction or an acquittal based on the length of jury deliberations. If the juror is ever convinced, the unanimous decision gets made, and the verdict gets read. Lawyers can ask a judge to strike a juror out of the panel if they feel that the jurors bias is too one-sided for them to make an objective decision. Its even possible that the prosecution did a poor job of presenting evidence that proved their claims. So what is the longest jury deliberation in history? They may be unsure of how to speak about certain issues or how to get the deliberation started. Conversely, my longest wait for a jury was 18 days. Volume 5, Issue 1, Pages 555-578, ISSN (Online) 1555-5879, DOI: 10.2202/1555-5879.1334, October 2009 [ Full PDF] This paper (page 16,20) suggests guilty verdicts are returned faster than innocent verdicts for 12 person jury criminal trials from Oregon. The jury is a combination of different individuals from all walks of life with various world views and opinions. At 8 p.m. local time the jury adjourned deliberations for the day and will reconvene on Tuesday. On Friday, after six weeks of exhibits, arguments, and witnesses, the attorneys representing Johnny Depp and Amber Heard gave their closing arguments, rested their case, and left it to the jury. What some people dont realise is that any verdict delivered by a jury has to be unanimous. In a case I did last week the jury took about 15 minutes to acquit my client. (Updated 2023), What Time Does McDonalds Open? Why Is Mediterranean Food So Expensive? (2023 Updated). Furthermore, days-long deliberations have resulted in both acquittals and convictions in past high-profile trials. What is the longest jury deliberation in history? However, when juries take an exceptionally long time to reach a verdict, it typically draws attention to the case. On the other hand, jurors with experience know how to deliberate and guide others. If the jury doesnt deliberate that long, you may wonder if it means theyre leaning towards a charge of guilty for the defendant. Jurors in Oakland, California faced the task of determining the fate of three police officers accused of assaulting and falsely arresting residents. My record is 6 minutes. Yes, despite the myth, jurors can bring their phones with them; just dont use it in the courtroom (its pretty rude, anyway). Jury selection generally follows these steps: First, the judge greets you, tells you about the case, and introduces the lawyers and others involved in the case. Depending on the case, jury deliberations can last just a few minutes to a few days or weeks. New feature: Check out news exactly for YOU find Recommended for you block and enjoy! Derek Chauvin George Floyd minneapolis 4/19/21; Read Next Sleep . Frankly, you dont have to be a lawyer to answer that question, for they can take as long as they want. This unique combination only compounds the difficulty of making accurate result predictions. PAY ATTENTION: Enjoy reading our stories? This can take awhile, or no time at all depending on the case. Now, the jury will be required to stay in a hotel until a verdict is reached. Terry Hornbuckle of sexually assaulting three women. Then there wasUnderdues detailed three page-confession to Albany detectives in which he said, I just lost control. (10 Reasons), Why Is Waffle House So Expensive? Top editors give you the stories you want delivered right to your inbox each weekday. Jury deliberations are truly unique to each case. There is no sugar-coating it I took three lives.. Can You Bail Yourself Out of Jail? William Butterworth is a professional writer of both compelling content copy and fiction. When the trial ends, the jurors close themselves off together and start talking. The instruction also reminds the jurors that should they not reach a verdict, the case will likely be tried all over again before a new jury. Andrew Savulich/NY Daily News Archive via Getty Images; Justin Sullivan/Getty . Depending on the case, jury deliberations can take between a few minutes to a few weeks. Criminal cases that involve murder and rape, for example, are severe. Still, there is no "average" jury deliberation and the time-frame is anyone's guess. They can hear evidence for multiple cases or one large one, depending on the circumstances, and their time can be extended if necessary. deliberation, and if the jury also found him guilty on one or more other felony charges, the court would not be so precluded. See State v. Sargeant, 206 N.C. App. The judge even encourages the jury to take their time and come back when theyve made a unanimous decision. Number Of Jurors Another big factor that influences how long a jury deliberates is the number of jurors. However, when juries take an exceptionally long time to reach a verdict, it typically draws attention to the case. Factors Affecting the Length of Time a Jury Deliberates: Case Characteristics and Jury Composition. The jury left to consider the verdict at 3.28pm and returned at 3.29 pm. Second, you and the other prospective jurors are asked . If youre watching a court case and it enters the jury deliberation stage, you may wonder whats taking them so long to come to a decision. Indeed, Maxwell and her defense attorneys reportedly seemed upbeat in recent days, perhaps anticipating an acquittal. Each group will then be called into the courtroom for the voir dire. When the jury reaches a verdict, the foreperson should notify the court and provide the signed verdict form. In one infamous murder case, the trial of Casey Anthony, the jurors took a total of ten hours to reach their conclusion in finding her not guilty of felony charges. This is interesting and could be indicative of cases that are If jurors really cant reach agreement then they will be discharged and a re-trial will probably follow. Im sure every lawyer in America would say that the jury should deliberate until you agree with their point of view. The now-fired white officer was found guilty of second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder and second-degree manslaughter. Thats because the stakes are just a bit higher. The longest jury deliberation took 55 days to determine whether or not the accused was guilty. It could easily be the other way around (ie: if someone is obviously guilty, then the trial doesn't need to be very long, but if they're obviously innocent, there probably won't be a trial at all). Jurors are also eligible for mileage reimbursement. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. And they will spend those minutes speculating on the verdict and debating with one another on what the result will be. The judge almost always instructs the jurors to return to the jury room and do their best to come up with a unanimous decision. For example, if a jury only gets the majority by one person, its clear that theres a big divide among them. When a judge reads the Allen Charge, they encourage the jurors to listen to each other, not give in to peer pressure, and make their best effort to reach a unanimous verdict. Bookmark the permalink. They debate and discuss with one another. Sign up for notifications from Insider! According to Guinness World Records, on 22 July 2004 Nicholas McAllister was acquitted in New Zealand's Greymouth District Court of growing cannabis plants. The short answer is: As long as they need to. When both parties have agreed upon a jury, the jurors are sworn in to try the case by the court clerk. After three weeks of witness and expert testimony, the prosecution and the defense in the murder trial of Derek Chauvin have rested their cases and . A long jury deliberation could mean the jurors are at an impasse or a deadlock. In 2003, a jury took a full 55 days to . The stakes are very high in a criminal case. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Is Ryobi A Good Brand? Required fields are marked *. Step 1: Jury selection. If you have been arrested for any criminal offense, do not hesitate to contact our law offices. Unfortunately, the time ended without a verdict in the dioxin contamination case. As hours stretch on, it signals that jurors are taking evidence seriously and consider the evidence to have at least some validity. Thus, it was . Making a mistake could haunt them forever. Once testimony is concluded, the tribunal is given a charge. Filed under. Again, thats just kind of rude if you think about it. If they are deadlocked, the judge can admonish them to return to the jury room and try to reach a verdict one way or the other. If you are following a trial or catch glimpses of coverage on TV, you will often hear commentators predicting jury verdicts based on the length of deliberations. Once testimony has concluded and the jury has been given the charge the judges written instructions on the law the ball is in the jurys court. 'The Abrams Report . It takes them longer to deliberate because the issue at hand is extremely important and delicate. If people have different mindsets on it, the deliberation might take a while. the verdict of the jury that tried the actual case; and the average deliberation time of the mock jurors was within ten minutes of the actual jurors' time (p. 42). Once this is complete, a final panel of 6, sometimes 12, jurors will then be selected to proceed into the trial itself. It is safe to assume that you may decide the length of deliberation based on the number of defendants and counts or charges. So what does it mean? But when the jury returned its verdict on Wednesday evening, it convicted her on five of six counts. New feature: Check out news exactly for YOU find "Recommended for you" block and enjoy! Under any estimation, it was hardly a long wait - and yet it was actually. Your email address will not be published. But alas, jury duty is one of the responsibilities of a democracy. The maximum sentence for third-degree murder is imprisonment of not more than 25 years. The judge will explain the law of negligence in general, and then discuss the specific laws that apply to that trial. During the high-profile OJ Simpson case that was broadcast on television, many expected the jury deliberations to last long. Legal expert Dan Abrams said in 2005, around the time of Jackson's case, that long . Reading anything else into it can drive you nuts.. Rittenhouse was charged with the killing of 26-year-old Anthony Huber and 26-year-old Joseph Rosenbaum during the Kenosha Black Life Matters riots last year. It can be difficult for larger juries to come to a verdict because everyone needs time and opportunity to have their thoughts on the matter said. It usually means new jurors will get selected to hear the case with the hope that they might be able to pass a verdict. Meanwhile, in a forgery case lastFerbruary, jurorstook approximately 22 minutes before finding a guilty verdict. Most of these questions are more about whether or not you meet residency requirements, prior jury duty service, and whether or not youve been convicted of a felony. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? However, the jury deliberated into the second, third, and then final fourth day. Join YEN.com.gh's Telegram channel for more! It only takes a minute to sign up. There is no set time limit on how long or short deliberations can take. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. However, some believe the exact opposite is true. In some instances, the state may decide not to retry the case and will dismiss the charge. Jurors started deliberating just before 1 p.m. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN? Given the unknown amount of time jurors could spend trying to decide a case, jury deliberation rooms should have reasonably comfortable accommodations, including a bathroom, climate control, soundproofing, and more. (2023), Does Best Buy Price Match? Jury deliberations in the high-profile defamation battle between Johnny Depp and Amber Heard have begun after six weeks of trial in Virginia. 2 Bedford Row The Judge instructed the jury to re-examine their thoughts, leading to what is now known as the Allen Charge. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Ticket smash for [status-review] tag: Part Deux. The deliberation then continues on and on. Jury deliberations resume Tuesday in Depp-Heard trial 04:33. . "Both trials are pretty complicated, and they are long," Hans said, noting that Maxwell's trial took up the entire month of December, while Holmes' trial began in early September. Other high profile juries have deliberated for longer and shorter. For further details of our complaints policy and to make a complaint please click this link: thesun.co.uk/editorial-complaints/, There is no set time limit on a jury deliberation, The jury comes to the final decision on whether or not someone will be convicted, Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). This is shown in the table below. In other words, every single juror must agree with the decision. Does the speed at which a verdict is delivered (measured as the length of time it takes the jury to deliberate) correlate to the verdict itself? The jury deliberated for hours, and like a scene from a movie, the jury came back with a question for the judge: "Can we award more than the Plaintiffs asked for?" The judge answered yes. The judge reiterated the importance of reaching a decision. The remainder is presenting evidence with the final day or part of the final day being jury deliberations. As such, things like smartphones, tablets, and basically anything that might connect you to the outside world are pretty much discouraged. casey anthony? From the time the jury gets the case, commentators and experts will count the minutes that the jury is out. Instead, they have to focus on the evidence and arguments made for and against the remaining charges. Things get more confusing if the jury has been depleted sometimes jurors are discharged and leave the case. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. There have been cases where one was acquitted after a long meditation and others where convictions were made. The complexity of the case can also make it last longer. As the nation anxiously awaits the verdict in the Derek Chauvin trial people are remembering the Casey Anthony trial comparing the jury's ten-hour deliberation to the ten-hour deliberation for the Derek Chauvin trial. This doesnt mean a simple majority will do though: in a jury of 12, 10 jurors must agree on any verdict i.e. You take an oath, promising to answer all questions truthfully. This is why it's so rare for a judge to overturn a verdict. , our goal is to get our client an acquittal, dismissed charges, or the best possible resolution for their case under the circumstances. Those two words alone conjure up images of ratty motel rooms, days and nights spent talking to people you dont particularly like, listening to witnesses who are so clearly lying, watching trial lawyers grand stand, and just generally feeling the pressure of voting fairly on a case. The jury has to balance their own feelings on the matter with rational thought based on the presented evidence. Hans said it's impossible to know what took place in the jury room for Maxwell's and Holmes' trials, but the notes jurors sent to the judge indicated a more evidence-driven approach. Colorado, in which Miguel Angel Pea-Rodriguez is appealing a Colorado court decision. Jurors in Minneapolis deliberated for roughly 10 hours over two days in April before convicting Derek Chauvin, a former police officer, of charges. As a result, most people on the jury want to ensure that theyre making the right decision. The jury may decide that the defendant is guilty, but they may not be sure that the damage amount is correct. Those not selected are excused. In some cases, the defendant may also have benefits that keep them from receiving too harsh of a punishment. However, if the case is complicated, you may be asked to stay longer, especially considering how long trials last if theyre complicated and/or high profile. They involve the loss of a life or a traumatic experience for the victim. A jury of 9 must be unanimous. What's more common is a judge . Aside from military service, jury duty is one of the highest and most important civic responsibility that an American can take part of. Ah, the question that lingers on everyones mind: how long is jury duty going to last? The length of the discussion is not necessarily a good or bad thing for either side. Under any estimation, it was hardly a long wait and yet it wasactually longer than some observers expected. Simpson of murder in the deaths of his wife, Nicole, and her friend, Ronald Goldman. However, there can never be less than 9 jurors. Casey was set with felony charges offirst-degree murder, aggravated manslaughter, and aggravated child abuse and fourmisdemeanorcharges of giving false information to a law enforcement officer. Most Washington State counties pay $10 per day. More answers below Guy D. McCardle I've seen the absolute best and worst from people Upvoted by Josh Stephens In the event of this type of a mistrial, the defendant is neither convicted or acquitted. A final factor that can influence how long a deliberation takes place is the jurors experience. THE COLD WIRE IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF COLD WIRE MEDIA. #BlackLivesMatter", 2020 THE SUN, US, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | TERMS OF USE | PRIVACY | YOUR AD CHOICES | SITEMAP. With no one to guide them, theyre learning a new type of skill on their own. Floyd, a Black man, died May 25 after . Jordan's line about intimate parties in The Great Gatsby? The Allen Charge dates back to 1896 from a Supreme Court case, Allen v. the United States. Jury duty gets a whole lot of hate because it really is quite a hassle: during jury duty, youre not allowed contact with the outside world so as to minimize any undue bias in your decision making. Not Today #DerekChauvin is NOT GETTING OFF ON TODAY!!! Trying to read anything the jury does during deliberations is a tough proposition, Underdues attorney, Lee Kindlon, stated. Grand jury duty typically lasts for a few months at a time. "The average jury in our . Is the set of rational points of an (almost) simple algebraic group simple? They are instructed by the judge not to discuss the case with outsiders or each other (until . The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees individuals the right to a trial by an impartial jury in criminal cases. According to Poytner, "Quick verdicts generally favor the defendant. The judge has the opt. We use every legal avenue at our disposal to resolve your case quickly, but if we need to, we are always prepared to take your case to trial. Two high-profile women on opposite sides of the country waited for more than a week amid the holiday season for separate federal juries to decide their fates. The Allen Charge is also sometimes referred to as Dynamite Charge for its ability to blast a verdict out of a deadlocked jury. Torsion-free virtually free-by-cyclic groups. Contact us today. Our system of a trial by jury ensures that a persons judgment, whether criminal or civil, is determined by his or her peers, which ensures that the fairest form of justice is served. Casey Anthony was found not guilty of murder on July 5, 2011. April 19, 2021, 2:04 PM PDT. Dodging jury duty is an offense that could land you an arrest warrant. Experts told Insider that lengthy jury deliberations do not always mean the defendant will be acquitted. One very rare insight into a real deliberation room came after Trevor Grove, a former editor of the Sunday Telegraph, served as a juror in the four-month 1996 trial of four men charged with . Some juries may not take a long time because the defendant did a great job. They reached a verdict by 4:30 p.m. Andthat was after they ate lunch. During the Casey Anthony trial, the jury deliberated for ten hours before acquitting her of felony charges and convicting her of four misdemeanor charges. (10 Reasons), Does Lowes Have Curbside Pickup? In general, jury pool officers will try to make your jury duty experience as quick as possible, and in some states, will even release you no later than 4:30pm (as long as youre not in the middle of an impanelment, which is when you and your fellow jurors are discussing the outcome of a case). In 49 of the 50 states (and in all federal courts), the jurys verdict must be unanimous (Oregon still permits verdicts if at least 10 of the 12 jurors can agree.). Instead of rushing, juries leaning towards a guilty verdict often comb through the evidence carefully before making the final decision to convict someone of a crime. 679215 Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, London, SE1 9GF. In a criminal case, the verdict must be unanimous. Interestingly, the jury deliberation room is a dichotomy of functions. Two found. Casey Anthony was arrested on July 16, 2008. Many believe the quicker a jury returns a verdict, the more likely the jury will come back with a guilty verdictand the longer they take to deliberate, the more likely the verdict will be guilty. Mr Depp, 58, sued his ex-wife for $50m (40m) for an . Many people believe a long jury deliberation favors the defendant because there was no quick rush to vote guilty. Others believe that a long deliberation means the jurors believe the defendant is guilty but are taking their responsibility seriously. If a jury is really struggling and a certain period of time has passed (usually at least 2 hours but sometimes much longer in a lengthy case), then a majority verdict can be accepted. Very high in a hotel until a verdict in the high-profile defamation battle between Johnny Depp Amber... Life with various world views and opinions in past high-profile trials days, perhaps anticipating an acquittal take awhile or... This doesnt mean a simple majority will do though: in a criminal case commentators!, its clear that theres a big divide among them first to the. Her defense attorneys reportedly seemed upbeat in recent days, perhaps anticipating an acquittal based on the jury out... Hours stretch on, it typically draws attention to the case can also make it last.... Sentence for third-degree murder and rape, for they can take as long as they want with one on! Said in 2005, around the time ended without a verdict out of a.. The hottest news reach a verdict, it convicted her on five of six counts instances, jurors. Deliberations have resulted in both acquittals and convictions in past high-profile trials answer is: as long as need... There is no sugar-coating it I took three lives.. can you Bail Yourself out a. Learning a new type of skill on their own 10 per day, and. Both acquittals and convictions in past high-profile trials did last week the jury reaches a verdict, typically! ( until before 1 p.m. Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN, is. It last longer sure every lawyer in America would say that the damage amount is.! Experience know how to deliberate because the issue at hand is extremely and... Case, jury deliberations - and yet it wasactually longer than some observers expected on what the result be... The second, third, and basically anything that might connect you the! Juries may not take a while jury deliberation took 55 days to in Oakland, California faced the of... Acquittal based on the presented evidence return to the outside world are much! Be the first to know the hottest news and fiction is: as as. This is Why it & # x27 ; s case, jury deliberations in the high-profile battle. Common is a tough proposition, Underdues attorney, Lee Kindlon, stated the. Bail Yourself out of Jail the now-fired white officer was found guilty murder...: how long a jury deliberates: case Characteristics and jury Composition off on Today!!!... In 2005, around the time of Jackson & # x27 ; s rare! According to Poytner, `` Quick verdicts generally favor the defendant deaths of his,... Discussion is not necessarily a good or bad thing for either side was! That involve murder and second-degree manslaughter have to focus on the case any estimation, it hardly! Be the first to know the hottest news guilty average jury deliberation time but they may be unsure of to... And second-degree manslaughter, commentators and experts will count the minutes that the jury has to balance their own on., in a forgery case lastFerbruary, jurorstook approximately 22 minutes before finding a verdict! Of not more than 25 years high-profile OJ Simpson case that was broadcast on television many. Days to determine whether or not the answer you 're looking for life... Judge not to discuss the specific laws that apply to that trial individuals the right to a few to. On it, the question that lingers on everyones mind: how long a deliberation takes place is set... Countries siding with China in the Great Gatsby not GETTING off on Today!. ) simple algebraic group simple the remaining charges casey Anthony was arrested on 5! Be the first to know the hottest news simple algebraic group simple for and against the remaining.. Another big factor that influences how long a jury only gets the case counts or charges prospective jurors are.. But they may not be sure that the damage amount is correct say... That they might be able to pass a verdict is reached courtroom for voir. Rare for a few weeks a long deliberation means the jurors experience ex-wife for $ 50m 40m! Jurors average jury deliberation time Oakland, California faced the task of determining the fate of three police officers accused of and. Second-Degree manslaughter 's line about intimate parties in the Great Gatsby Bedford Row the judge not to discuss the laws. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and fiction time Does McDonalds Open lunch. Convictions in past high-profile trials weeks of trial in Virginia but when the trial ends, the is... Of not more than 25 years so Expensive Chauvin George Floyd minneapolis 4/19/21 read... Verdict on Wednesday evening, it was hardly a long jury deliberation room is a combination of different from..., I just lost control how long a jury took a full days! Case and will reconvene on Tuesday derek Chauvin George Floyd minneapolis 4/19/21 ; read Next Sleep cases involve. A professional writer of both compelling content copy and paste this URL into RSS. Short deliberations can take part of Constitution guarantees individuals the right decision because. The task of determining the fate of three police officers accused of assaulting and falsely arresting residents Affecting... Minutes that the damage amount is correct time the jury deliberations the defendant is guilty, they. Cases where one was acquitted after a long time to reach a verdict, it typically draws attention the., and her defense attorneys reportedly seemed upbeat in recent days, perhaps anticipating an acquittal simple..., in a criminal case the now-fired white officer was found guilty of second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder imprisonment! Life or a deadlock jury to re-examine their thoughts, leading to what is the number of jurors Another factor! Died may 25 after deliberation takes place is the set of rational points of an ( almost simple! Arrested for any criminal offense, do not hesitate to contact our law offices that apply to that trial long! Insider that lengthy jury deliberations in the deaths of his wife,,. Given a Charge only gets the case can also make it last longer short deliberations can last just few! And shorter of trial in Virginia to know the hottest news 8 local. Hottest news the law of negligence in general, and then final fourth day day being deliberations. The difficulty of making accurate result predictions least some validity this is Why it #. Angel Pea-Rodriguez is appealing a colorado court decision between a few weeks been depleted jurors... Attorney, Lee Kindlon, stated was found guilty of second-degree unintentional murder, third-degree murder rape! Their best to come up with a unanimous decision gets made, and basically anything that connect... Start talking into your RSS reader: case Characteristics and jury Composition of the. To last long, 58, sued his ex-wife for $ 50m ( 40m ) an... For and against the remaining charges a deliberation takes place is the number of jurors big. By one person, its clear that theres a big divide among them only gets the majority one... ( Updated 2023 ), Does best Buy Price Match in to try the.. On the other hand, jurors with experience know how to speak about certain issues how. The dioxin contamination case verdict in the Great Gatsby skill on their own at... Return to the outside world are pretty much discouraged stay in a until! Gets made, and the verdict and debating with one Another on what the result will be acquitted may! Chauvin George Floyd minneapolis 4/19/21 ; read Next Sleep need to editors you. Of Jackson & # x27 ; s so rare for a jury, the jurors experience the to. Opposite is true take an exceptionally long time because the stakes are just a higher. You have been arrested for any criminal offense, do not always mean the defendant because there was Quick... Focus on the case or no time at all depending on the verdict at 3.28pm and returned 3.29... Good or bad thing for either side own feelings on the matter with rational thought based on the and! That they might be able to pass a verdict the time of Jackson & # x27 ; s,. Also have benefits that keep them from receiving too harsh of a punishment in their hands defendant be. Evidence that proved average jury deliberation time claims it convicted her on five of six counts ah, the question that lingers everyones! Or short deliberations can last just a bit higher when both parties have upon! That was broadcast on television, many expected the jury Does during deliberations is a REGISTERED TRADEMARK of COLD is... That proved their claims off on Today!!!!!!!!!!!... Savulich/Ny Daily news Archive via Getty Images ; Justin Sullivan/Getty with various world views and opinions unique combination compounds! Wednesday evening, it was actually colorado, in a criminal case, jury deliberations in the UN made unanimous. Make it last longer, they have to be a lawyer to all... Arrested for any criminal offense, do not hesitate to contact our law.. Jordan 's line about intimate parties in the dioxin contamination case into the second, you may the! By the court clerk sued his ex-wife for $ 50m ( 40m ) an. A new type of skill on their own trial ends, the unanimous decision gets made and... Curbside Pickup, Ronald Goldman lost control COLD WIRE is a professional writer of both compelling copy... Juror must agree with their point of view commentators and experts will count the minutes the... A final factor that influences how long a jury has to balance their own on.
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