To confirm the voluntary settlement theory, however, psychologists would want to examine a second, independent, case study as a counterpoint. Individual self has Its dependence on other self. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYdGTq1. trans. In the western sense of individualism team building is less prevalent. This may also have something to do with stages of economic development. Though it can be argued that western parents will send their children to better school and push them to work hard in some cases. This concept of the self is certain to seem alien to our Western consciousness, which has a decidedly more Platonic view of self-identity. In 2010, an influential article in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences reported that the vast majority of psychological subjects had been western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic, or Weird for short. However, both philosophies have the goal of finding out the meaning and purpose in the life and path of an individual respectively. Inner-world dependent passive. This can be an odd conversation for westerners who may inquiry why someone is asking such personal questions. EASTERN WESTERN MAIN PRINCIPLES. The most often cited difference is that western philosophy is 'fragmentary' while eastern philosophy is 'holistic'. Westerners and specifically Americans were coming out at the far end of the distributions, says Joseph Henrich at the University of British Columbia, who was one of the studys authors. In the West it could be said that technology research and development has stammered and is as competitive as it used to be. reliance are core values. The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. Is there also a difference between regions or ethnolinguistic groups in the Could these differences translate to a more collectivist or individualistic mindset? In fact, human beings are essentially the same the world over, only the details and customs differ, and the philosophies of eastern and western thinkers make this quite clear. There are no sharp divides between two culture's different ways of thinking, and people in immigrant communities may incorporate both mindsets (Credit: Getty images), Although some people have claimed that our social orientation may have a genetic element, the evidence to date suggests that it is learned from others. Both used Parables to relate concepts. Poems of the East and West), a collection of self-consciously Persian-style poetry, which represented the first Western response to and appreciation of the character of Middle Eastern poetry by an acknowledged giant of . Wonhyo would agree with that since he believed that everything was One and all of the experiences a person has in life are just a part of the One Experience of being a human being. Hokkaido's population rapidly grew from just a few thousand to the six million people who live there today (Credit: Alamy). We care about our planet! The idea of being together with the family is something . For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Write top five (5) differences between Western and Eastern society, culture, and But this thirst for self-validation also manifests in overconfidence, with many experiments showing that Weird participants are likely to overestimate their abilities. It helps humans deal with human morality and concepts such as good and evil, right and . Epictetus, on the other hand, says It is not circumstances themselves that trouble people, but their judgments about those circumstances. These statements are basically similar but only different words used. We will write a custom Essay on Western and Eastern Conceptions of Self and Socialization specifically for you. Whether you're backpacking in Vietnam or interning abroad in Beijing, the interface between your own cultural norms and those of your new surroundings can lead to fascinating . Philosophers from the east have always been engaged in exactly the same pursuit as their counterparts in the west. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Fashion and brands do not promote traditions but only innovation and modern consumer goods. Eastern culture believes that a human being is an integral part of the society as . https://www.worldhistory.org/article/855/similarities-between-eastern--western-philosophy/. minded and critical, A person is more free and flexible to It is very common in China for children to take evening and weekend courses to improve themselves. Step #2 of 2. The present study examines the extent to which models of honesty predict the magnitude of current or future self-serving assessment of performance in Middle Eastern students, a population often neglected in the extant literature. His motto - "Boys, be ambitious" - exemplifies the pioneer mindset that lingers to this day (Credit: Alamy). There isnt much pressure on them to take extra curricula activities and to finish their homework every day, except in some cases. Mason is the most diverse campus in the country and is the perfect illustration of how when people of different cultures and backgrounds are integrated, you adopt some of those different views, beliefs, thought-processes, and actions just by being exposed to it. The SlideShare family just got bigger. Plato uses this slave boy as an example of innate knowledge to show that people already know innately what they think of as being taught and that this goes for knowledge of goodness as well as anything else. The special cultural, political and economic characteristics of "the West" are, however, not universally agreed upon, nor are its geographical limits and stereotypes of the West mask the cultural, physical and historical differences within this vast and varied region., Those who live in the West have different ideas of what the West is depending on where they are in the world. This sequential explanatory mixed methods study (quant + QUAL) examined elementary preservice teachers' conceptions of teaching engineering. The tacit assumption had been that this select group of people could represent universal truths about human nature that all people are basically the same. Nisbett points out that Western philosophers emphasised freedom and independence, whereas Eastern traditions like Taoism tended to focus on concepts of unity. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. In China Relationships are a very important part of doing business with other companies as well as within a specific company. Generally speaking - there are many exceptions - people in the West tend to be more individualist, and people from Asian countries like India, Japan or China tend to be more collectivist. Another (counterintuitive) idea is that the contrasting mind-sets are an evolved response to germs. In Platos view, a person already knows what is good because that person will respond innately to the quality of goodness in the writing and will also respond to the concept of goodness in ones life. Humans are unique in their ability to adapt to their environments - allowing us to build lives from the North Pole to the Sahara Desert. The best example, however, of the fundamental sameness of eastern and western thought is epitomized in the works of two of the best-known philosophers from their respective hemispheres: Plato (428-348 BCE) of the west and Wang Yangming (1472-1529 CE) of the east. Comparison of Western and Eastern Concepts of Self Western Eastern Duality- you are distinct from other persons Other persons are part of your self Talk about their personal attributes Talk about their social roles Highlights personal achievements Keeps a low profile and avoid boastfulness Individualistic- focus on the person Collectivistic . URL: dhvsu.edu, believe on what we believe in. Some see it as a place for freedom, and it can also be a source of entertainment and, Western cultures emphasize mental processing speed and efficient management of information, whilst those in the East also include social and spiritual aspects, although some research indicates the two viewpoints are converging (Lim, Plucker and Im, 2002)., Neither East Nor West is a travel narrative by Christiane Bird about her travels in Iran. Key Concepts. Rather than a comparison of these Western concepts and Eastern Zen practices, it will be a possible comparison of the applicability of these traditions to the analysis of lived experience and problematic aspects of managerial practice. Wangs and Platos philosophies have been attacked by empiricists for a lack of evidence, but what these two philosophers are contending makes sense on a very basic level: one must know what is good in order to pursue what is good, and this knowledge of the good must be innate in order for people to have the desire to pursue it in the first place. Following the middle path is the way to enlightenment (Buddhism). While the Christians think that following Jesus is only to achieve salvation and that, The question that is being asked here is what is the West? But it is not considered above the communities needs. 809 certified writers online. The similarity in the philosophies is clear since both discuss what is good and also the right way of understanding the existence of an individual. Members are more interested in winning or competition within the team building exercise and it comes with a sense of individual gain in general. Yes, holidays with family and time off is important. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_systems_by_country. Western and Eastern Concept/Perspective is a lot different from each other. I. The philosophers state that all human beings are born with the ability to differentiate right from wrong and bad from good. In addition, when individual or country thinks that they are already modern or global, they try to move back to their own culture, digging their own heritage and try to keep it everlasting., Eventhough Eastern and Western Europe have monogamously different social aspects; both share political and economic factors., Being grounded on the thought processes and behaviors of other cultures is what may cause potential business endeavors to either succeed or fail. Sure enough, people in the wheat-growing regions tended to score higher on the measures of individualism, while the people in the rice-growing regions tended to show a more collectivist and holistic thinking. 2.Independence and self- connectedness are core. Web. Wolter: In Search of the Self: Eastern versus Western Perspectives Published by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University, 2012. creatures have at their core a sense of play, . As a simple example, imagine that you see a picture of someone tall intimidating someone smaller. The west can be defined as many different things, but According to Levack, B., Muir, E., & Veldman, M. (2011) the west is a place (p. 2). Whereas in the West culturally people are confused about western history. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_systems_by_country, Cedrick Pouliot China and e-commerce expert Interview, What is a KOL in marketing; Social commerce marketing in China and ASEAN 2022, Cedrick Pouliot China and e-commerce expert Interview part 2. Western culture is known for its materialism. It is possible to say that human life is religiously determined and that the key to successful ideas lies in the understanding of universal dogmas and values. As Hussain points out, there are many historic connections between Eastern and Western countries that will mean that some people straddle both ways of thinking, and factors like age and class will also have an effect. The first illustration is the focus on Confucius and Aristotle, the eastern and western philosophers respectively. Eastern culture's belief that a person's idenitty is derived fromhis or her social group. Whereas in the west the holidays are a very important part of the employee, employer relationship. Although it could be said that there is a stronger revival in China of Asian history and a renewed respect and interest in Asian history. The eastern and western philosophy present similar issues when it comes to the idea of the state of being a human being. This deference to others seemed like a subtle sign of a more collectivist mindset, and so Talhelm began to wonder what might lie behind the two outlooks. Wang Yangming advocates for the idea of the supremacy of intuition for an individual on moral matters. Mark, Emily. This is known as the triad test, and people in the West might pick bus and train because they are both types of vehicles. If we can examine and think about things from every angle, thought process, and point of view, the better off we will be in the world. Need we ask anyone to tell us these things? His mentor,Socrates(the main character inPhaedrus, as in the majority of Platos works) asks this question of his comrade Phaedrus regarding the quality ofwriting. The similarities between the two are greater than any differences as cited by scholars in the modern times. Participants (n = 104) from two large western universities completed the Draw-An-Engineering-Teacher-Test (DAETT) as part of their elementary science methods course. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. quora/What-are-the-differences-between-the-Western-and-Eastern-societies- Changing sometimes month to month. In the West traditionally companies will hire for longer and expect consistent productivity. Nearly 70% were American, and most were undergraduate students hoping to gain pocket money or course credits by giving up their time to take part in these experiments. Everyone wants to make a better life for themselves and their families. The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic. -Since the discovery of easternphilosophyby western explorers and scholars in the 18th and 19th centuries CE, there has been an arbitrary division maintained, especially in colleges and universities, between western philosophy and eastern philosophy as though these two systems present radically different views of the world. The difference in the philosophies majorly comes up because of linguistic approaches used. 1.The self is a distinct and 1.The self is an integrated. Another crucial area of comparison for eastern and western philosophy is innate morality. Anatman is contrasted with the Vedic teachings of the Buddha's day, which taught that there is within each of us an atman, or an unchanging, eternal soul or identity . In many cases, the consequences are broadly as you would expect. Yet the rapid migration to its northern territory resembles the rush to settle Americas Wild West; the Emperor Meijis government even employed agriculturists from the US, like Horace Capron, to help cultivate the land. Persistence in the west also exists but perhaps more on a personal level. So what are the differences and similarities between east vs west culture? And there is a growing evolution in Southeast Asia of Tech hubs and innovation www.collectivecampus.io. The most important characteristic of the Eastern world view - one could almost say the essence of it - is the awareness of the unity and mutual interrelation of all things and events, the experience of all phenomena in the world as manifestations of a basic oneness. Last modified January 17, 2016. Western culture in general has a foundation of Christianity; Judaism, Catholicism, Protestant, and Islam in its various forms whereas many cultures in the east have a foundation of Hinduism, Jainism, Shenism, Taoism, Daoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Islam. EASTERN AND WESTERN THINKERS ALIKE BELIEVE THAT HUMAN BEINGS ARE ESSENTIALLY THE SAME ALL OVER THE WORLD, ONLY THE DETAILS AND CUSTOMS DIFFER. The love of wisdom knows no separate region; philosophy defies all boundaries and every kind of petty regional definition. Hokkaido is no longer a frontier, but its history has left its inhabitants with some unique traits (Credit: Alamy). Eastern systems often instill moral value in education. Staff will take an active role in team activities in order to gain praise and social reward. While Plato is quite well known in the west, Wang Yangming is less so, even though he is as famous as Plato in China, Korea, and Japan. a single conceot. Circular view of the universe, based on the perception of eternal recurrence. Both East and West believe that man is born with innate knowledge that just needs to be encouraged to pursue. The main difference between eastern and western ethics is the fact that Western Ethics is about finding truth, whereas Eastern Ethics are very much about the protocol, and showing of respect. Wheat farming, by contrast, takes about half the amount of workand depends on rainfall rather than irrigation, meaning that farmers dont need to collaborate with their neighbours and can focus on tending their own crops. So some of the east vs west differences I found whilst spending time in China, its clear that collectivism is at the forefront of the national psyche. But the older generation are savvier with their savings. The best example, however, of the fundamental sameness of eastern and western thought is epitomized in the works of two of the best-known philosophers from their respective hemispheres: Plato (l. 428-348 BCE) of the west and Wang Yangming (l. 1472-1529 CE) of the east. The eastern and western philosophies are identical to a large extent and the critics only point out the small differences in the specific philosophy and wording. The eastern and western philosophy present similar issues when it comes to the idea of the state of being a human being. Some of the most notable differences revolved around the concepts of individualism and collectivism; whether you consider yourself to be independent and self-contained, or entwined and interconnected with the other people around you, valuing the group over the individual. influential article in the journal Behavioral and Brain Sciences, our social orientation may have a genetic element, recently profiled the thinking styles of British Bangladeshi families in East London, score higher on measures of individualism, Shinobu Kitayama at the University of Michigan has found, : the more likely you are to get infection, the more collectivist you are. Additionally, a subgroup of participants (n = 34) engaged in a case-based reasoning . In general Asians are more agnostic on the international stage and integrate more with a business culture rather than a cultural push. But in the east holidays are not seen as the centre of the individuals interest. Thomas Talhelm at the University of Chicago recently examined 28 different provinces of China, finding that the thinking orientation appeared to reflect the local agriculture of the region. The works of both these men deal with what is good and what is the right way to understand ones existence. Alex Mesoudi at the University of Exeterrecently profiled the thinking styles of British Bangladeshi families in East London. Historians such as Frederick Jackson Turnerhave long argued that the expansion and exploration into the west has nurtured a more independent spirit, as each pioneer battled the wilderness and each other for their own survival. Whereas the west has a much more direct and outspoken international stance. The relativist philosophies of the Chinese sophist Teng Shih (l. 6th century BCE) and the Greek sophist Protagoras (5th century BCE) are almost identical. When asked about their competence, for instance, 94% of American professors claimed they were better than average. An example given by academic scholars is how Confucius' analects deal with both the inner and outer life of a person (holistic) while Aristotle's works emphasize how one should conduct one's self to live well among others (fragmentary). Self-effacement reflects cultural norms and in some collectivist cultures, such as in China and Japan, consider modesty a virtue. Western culture believes that the key to success is through material means. The empiricist argument that there is a lack of evidence for innate knowledge cannot be supported by empirical facts; a person must be aware that they should pursue something before they can pursue it. Few people living in Hokkaido today have ever needed to conquer the wilderness themselves. Write an essay on the following questions. Although Western Philosophy tends to focus on the parts in an idea, the Eastern Philosophers focus to look at an idea as a whole. Other east vs west differences can be found in the West it is commonplace for companies to give staff 15 days to one month holiday and it is expected that staff will take those days off. Plato uses this slave boy as an example of innate knowledge to show that people already know innately what they think of as being taught and that this goes for knowledge of goodness as well as anything else. Tropical forests play a critical role in the hydrological cycle and can influence local and regional precipitation 1. He describes Iraqi ideology as being post apocalyptic., Similarities between the West and the East. Whereas in the East companies are much more agile, and adaptive. Answer (1 of 13): This question is overarching in its purview; it's syncretic and it might elicit abstractions at inductive level of thought. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. The differences between the concepts of Wang and Plato are only cosmetic and linguistic. First and Foremost, the two religions of Christianity (West) and Buddhism (East) both may have the same rules they must follow, but they also both have different goals in life. Eastern people make sacrifices for calmness of society but it is a tough task to manage life in harsh circumstances of eastern world. The west is thought of to be traditionally compromised of certain regions like Europe, the Americas, Australia, and New Zealand. By and large, cultures in the West tend to be more individualistic whereas people from the East are more collectivist. One could compare the fundamental ideas of the great Chinese philosopher Confucius (551-479 BCE) with those of theGreekphilosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE) and find they are presenting the same basic concepts. Life is a journey towards eternal realities that are beyond the realities that surround us. Both of these philosophers have exerted an enormous influence through their works, and both argue for the existence of innate knowledge; that human beings are born knowing right from wrong, and good from bad, and need only be encouraged to pursue goodness in order to live a fulfilling life. The popular writer Sankara Saranam, author of the book God Without Religion, is one . Whereas in the West the self is understood primarily as an autonomous ego whose existence is distinct from that of others, in the East, it is often argued there is no meaning of self that is independent of our relations to others. Home | east vs west cultural differences | East vs West culture Top 20 differences and similarities. Submitted by Emily Mark, published on 17 January 2016. Western philosophy focuses on the finding the . While Plato is quite well known in the west, Wang Yangming is less so, even though he is as famous as Plato inChina,Korea, andJapan. This is a universal truth. Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Eastern Thoughts. The "Me" concept Eternal reality of the universal truth: self-liberation through getting rid of the false "Me" and discovering the true "Me" "Me" is here and now. Close relationships play a big part in the fabric of Chinese society and can be the difference between going up or down the ladder and even out of the group. These are arbitrary distinctions which totally miss the underlying, and essentially identical, aims of eastern and western philosophy. Suppose you are asked to name the two related items in a list of words such as train, bus, track. A handpicked selection of stories from BBC Future, Earth, Culture, Capital, Travel and Autos, delivered to your inbox every Friday. the differences in their answers, and the similarities. He found that within one generation, the children of immigrants had started to adopt some elements of the more individualistic outlook, and less holistic cognitive styles. In the East, there is a non-dualistic conception of the self where there is no distinction between creation and creator, and Man and the self is viewed as being part of a cosmic drama acted out by the divine creator. The empiricist argument that there is a lack of evidence for innate knowledge cannot be supported by empirical facts; a person must be aware that they should pursue something before they can pursue it. Ancient Eastern Philosophy On the Ancient Wisdom of Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism & Confucianism. He is particularly pleased that researchers like Talhelm are beginning to set up big projects to try to understand the kaleidoscope of different ways of thinking. If we are what we see, and we are attending to different stuff, then we are living in different worlds, says Henrich. Mo-Ti, some claim, aims at a holistic understanding of one's self and one's surroundings while a western philosopher like Plato emphasizes specific goals one should strive for in discovering what is true and real in life. The recognition of hunger is an innate human quality which does not need to be taught, and Wang says the same is true of morality. Whereas, if we talk about good culture, beliefs, customs, the eastern part of the world overpowers the western one. Understanding the self - lecture 4 HAND-OUT, Understanding the Self Chapter I - Lesson 1, Understanding the self lecture 1 - PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES, Understanding the self - lecture 3 HAND-OUT, The Self in the Western and Eastern Thougghts, Understanding the Self: Psychological Perspectives, Understanding the Self: Philosophical Perspectives, Cognition & Development: Conceptualisations of Self and Identity, Nourishing positive self with emotional strength, Personal Development - Developing the Whole Person, Understanding the self in philosophical perspective, Confucianism and Hinduism Approach in Counseling, Understanding Human's Existence and the Valuing Process, Juan Paolo Somorostro - Aranas, MPA, BSOSM, Ancient eastern philosophy by sir M Arsalan, Western and eastern perspective of positive psychology. Some of this occurs in considering the west, but cultural distinctions are generally more readily acknowledged., However, when it comes to family culture, class culture, individual (or country) tends to keep their own culture and stick to what they believe in. Many brands promote Chinese traditional images and fashion in order to please Chinese consumers. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. The school and the children are not the primary focus when considering life. As an important feature of manufacturing development, agglomeration also plays a substantial role the promotion of technological progress and green transformation. 10. Thank you! It becomes a Bureaucratic nightmare to manage the flow and institutional organisation needed for such a large quantity of people. Answer: The similarities between eastern and western philosophy are greater than any differences cited by modern-day writers and lecturers on the topic.
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